Material Development of English Correspondence Using Task-Based Approach (TBA) for UNNES Students Abdurrachman Faridi, Fahrur Rozi, and Siti Nurmasitah Universitas Negeri Semarang Abstract :

This study aimed to depict Unnes students’ ability in writing formal letters using English; design and develop correspondence material for English subject in Unnes; and evaluate the effectiveness of correspondence learning by applying Task Based Approach (TBA). This study has been done within a year in Universitas Negeri Semarang by using Research and Development approach. The results indicated that most of the students did not understand formal letter writing using English proven by their lack of knowledge about types of formal letter, letter style, and concept of letter sections. The main problems encountered by the students were garmmar, spelling, and punctuation. Thus, Task Based Approach (TBA) is an effective learning model to teach English correspondence. Correspondence material designing is an urgent need in regards to the advantages obtained by the students that is to develop their skills and ability in writing formal letter in English.

1. Introduction Asean Economy Community (AEC) is an integrated association of southeast Asian nations in economic sector. AEC emerges various competitions among ASEAN countries including business and education to invent professional workers. The quality of education is required to make progress and become the main focus of the development of Indonesian’s education quality. The higher the education quality, the better the output obtained by the learning process. English skills and ablity are essential in facing AEC. It is the key point to face global challenge and AEC. Graduates of Universitas Negeri Semarang are expected to be ready with this kind of situation by possessing a good communication ability in English both in speaking and writing skills. This ability is important since the graduates will face high competition in working field as it also has correlation with the ability in writing formal letters such as business letter and personal letter. However, students still encounter several problems in writing formal letters.

فمن خطبة له عليه السلام يذكر فيها ابتداء خلق السماء و الأرض و خلق آدم:

الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي لَا يَبْلُغُ مِدْحَتَهُ الْقَائِلُونَ وَ لَا يُحْصِي نَعْمَاءَهُ الْعَادُّونَ وَ لَا يُؤَدِّي حَقَّهُ الْمُجْتَهِدُونَ الَّذِي لَا يُدْرِكُهُ بُعْدُ الْهِمَمِ وَ لَا يَنَالُهُ غَوْصُ الْفِطَنِ الَّذِي لَيْسَ لِصِفَتِهِ حَدٌّ مَحْدُودٌ وَ لَا نَعْتٌ مَوْجُودٌ وَ لَا وَقْتٌ مَعْدُودٌ وَ لَا أَجَلٌ مَمْدُودٌ فَطَرَ الْخَلَائِقَ بِقُدْرَتِهِ وَ نَشَرَ الرِّيَاحَ بِرَحْمَتِهِ وَ وَتَّدَ بِالصُّخُورِ مَيَدَانَ أَرْضِهِ أَوَّلُ الدِّينِ مَعْرِفَتُهُ وَ كَمَالُ مَعْرِفَتِهِ التَّصْدِيقُ بِهِ وَ كَمَالُ التَّصْدِيقِ بِهِ تَوْحِيدُهُ وَ كَمَالُ تَوْحِيدِهِ الْإِخْلَاصُ لَهُ وَ كَمَالُ الْإِخْلَاصِ لَهُ نَفْيُ الصِّفَاتِ عَنْهُ لِشَهَادَةِ كُلِّ صِفَةٍ أَنَّهَا غَيْرُ الْمَوْصُوفِ وَ شَهَادَةِ كُلِّ مَوْصُوفٍ أَنَّهُ غَيْرُ الصِّفَةِ فَمَنْ وَصَفَ اللَّهَ سُبْحَانَهُ فَقَدْ قَرَنَهُ وَ مَنْ قَرَنَهُ فَقَدْ ثَنَّاهُ وَ مَنْ ثَنَّاهُ فَقَدْ جَزَّأَهُ وَ مَنْ جَزَّأَهُ فَقَدْ جَهِلَهُ وَ مَنْ أَشَارَ إِلَيْهِ فَقَدْ حَدَّهُ وَ مَنْ حَدَّهُ فَقَدْ عَدَّهُ وَ مَنْ قَالَ فِيمَ فَقَدْ ضَمَّنَهُ وَ مَنْ قَالَ عَلَامَ فَقَدْ أَخْلَى مِنْهُ كَائِنٌ لَا عَنْ حَدَثٍ مَوْجُودٌ لَا عَنْ عَدَمٍ مَعَ كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ لَا بِمُقَارَنَةٍ وَ غَيْرُ كُلِّ شَيْ‏ءٍ لَا بِمُزَايَلَةٍ فَاعِلٌ لَا بِمَعْنَى الْحَرَكَاتِ وَ الْآلَةِ بَصِيرٌ إِذْ لَا مَنْظُورَ إِلَيْهِ مِنْ خَلْقِهِ مُتَوَحِّدٌ إِذْ لَا سَكَنَ يَسْتَأْنِسُ بِهِ وَ لَا يَسْتَوْحِشُ لِفَقْدِهِ أَنْشَأَ الْخَلْقَ إِنْشَاءً وَ ابْتَدَأَهُ ابْتِدَاءً بِلَا رَوِيَّةٍ أَجَالَهَا وَ لَا تَجْرِبَةٍ اسْتَفَادَهَا وَ لَا حَرَكَةٍ أَحْدَثَهَا وَ لَا هَمَامَةِ نَفْسٍ اضْطَرَبَ فِيهَا أَحَالَ الْأَشْيَاءَ لِأَوْقَاتِهَا وَ لَأَمَ بَيْنَ مُخْتَلِفَاتِهَا وَ غَرَّزَ غَرَائِزَهَا وَ أَلْزَمَهَا أَشْبَاحَهَا عَالِماً بِهَا قَبْلَ ابْتِدَائِهَا مُحِيطاً بِحُدُودِهَا وَ انْتِهَائِهَا عَارِفاً بِقَرَائِنِهَا وَ أَحْنَائِهَا ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ سُبْحَانَهُ فَتْقَ الْأَجْوَاءِ وَ شَقَّ الْأَرْجَاءِ وَ سَكَائِكَ الْهَوَاءِ فَأَجْرَى فِيهَا مَاءً مُتَلَاطِماً تَيَّارُهُ مُتَرَاكِماً زَخَّارُهُ حَمَلَهُ عَلَى مَتْنِ الرِّيحِ الْعَاصِفَةِ وَ اَّعْزَعِ الْقَاصِفَةِ فَأَمَرَهَا بِرَدِّهِ وَ سَلَّطَهَا عَلَى شَدِّهِ وَ قَرَنَهَا إِلَى حَدِّهِ الْهَوَاءُ مِنْ تَحْتِهَا فَتِيقٌ وَ الْمَاءُ مِنْ فَوْقِهَا دَفِيقٌ ثُمَّ أَنْشَأَ سُبْحَانَهُ رِيحاً اعْتَقَمَ مَهَبَّهَا وَ أَدَامَ مُرَبَّهَا وَ أَعْصَفَ مَجْرَاهَا وَ أَبْعَدَ منشأها فَأَمَرَهَا بِتَصْفِيقِ الْمَاءِ اَّخَّارِ وَ إِثَارَةِ مَوْجِ الْبِحَارِ فَمَخَضَتْهُ مَخْضَ السِّقَاءِ وَ عَصَفَتْ بِهِ عَصْفَهَا بِالْفَضَاءِ تَرُدُّ أَوَّلَهُ على آخِرِهِ وَ سَاجِيَهُ على مَائِرِهِ حَتَّى عَبَّ عُبَابُهُ وَ رَمَى بِاَّبَدِ رُكَامُهُ فَرَفَعَهُ فِي هَوَاءٍ مُنْفَتِقٍ وَ جَوٍّ مُنْفَهِقٍ فَسَوَّى مِنْهُ سَبْعَ سَمَوَاتٍ جَعَلَ سُفْلَاهُنَّ مَوْجاً مَكْفُوفاً وَ عُلْيَاهُنَّ سَقْفاً مَحْفُوظاً وَ سَمْكاً مَرْفُوعاً بِغَيْرِ عَمَدٍ يَدْعَمُهَا وَ لَا دِسَارٍ ينتظمها ثُمَّ زَيَّنَهَا بزينة الْكَوَاكِبِ وَ ضِيَاء الثَّوَاقِبِ وَ أَجْرَى فِيهَا سِرَاجاً مُسْتَطِيراً وَ قَمَراً مُنِيراً فِي فَلَكٍ دَائِرٍ وَ سَقْفٍ سَائِرٍ وَ رَقِيمٍ مَائِرٍ ثُمَّ فَتَقَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَوَاتِ الْعُلَا فَمَلَأَهُنَّ أَطْوَاراً مِنْ مَلَائِكَتِهِ مِنْهُمْ سُجُودٌ لَا يَرْكَعُونَ وَ رُكُوعٌ لَا يَنْتَصِبُونَ وَ صَافُّونَ لَا يَتَزَايَلُونَ وَ مُسَبِّحُونَ لَا يَسْأَمُونَ لَا يَغْشَاهُمْ نَوْمُ الْعُيُونِ وَ لَا سَهْوُ الْعُقُولِ وَ لَا فَتْرَةُ الْأَبْدَانِ وَ لَا غَفْلَةُ النِّسْيَانِ وَ مِنْهُمْ أُمَنَاءُ عَلَى وَحْيِهِ وَ أَلْسِنَةٌ إِلَى رُسُلِهِ وَ مُخْتَلِفُونَ بِقَضَائِهِ وَ أَمْرِهِ وَ مِنْهُمُ الْحَفَظَةُ لِعِبَادِهِ وَ السَّدَنَةُ لِأَبْوَابِ جِنَانِهِ وَ مِنْهُمُ الثَّابِتَةُ فِي الْأَرَضِينَ السُّفْلَى أَقْدَامُهُمْ وَ الْمَارِقَةُ مِنَ السَّمَاءِ الْعُلْيَا أَعْنَاقُهُمْ وَ الْخَارِجَةُ مِنَ الْأَقْطَارِ أَرْكَانُهُمْ وَ الْمُنَاسِبَةُ لِقَوَائِمِ الْعَرْشِ أَكْتَافُهُمْ نَاكِسَةٌ دُونَهُ أَبْصَارُهُمْ مُتَلَفِّعُونَ تَحْتَهُ بِأَجْنِحَتِهِمْ مَضْرُوبَةٌ بَيْنَهُمْ وَ بَيْنَ مَنْ دُونَهُمْ حُجُبُ الْعِزَّةِ وَ أَسْتَارُ الْقُدْرَةِ لَا يَتَوَهَّمُونَ رَبَّهُمْ بِالتَّصْوِيرِ وَ لَا يُجْرُونَ عَلَيْهِ صِفَاتِ الْمَصْنُوعِينَ وَ لَا يَحُدُّونَهُ بِالْأَمَاكِنِ وَ لَا يُشِيرُونَ إِلَيْهِ بِالنَّظَائِرِ.

SERMON 1

In this sermon he recalls the creation of Earth and Sky and the birth of Adam.

Praise is due to Alláh whose worth cannot be described by speakers, whose bounties cannot be counted by

An International Multidisciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 9(3), Serial No. 38, July, 2015:62-74 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print)  ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v9i3.6   

Effective School Management and Supervision: Imperative for Quality Education Service Delivery: 
 
 
Agih, A. Allen  Department of Educational Foundations Faculty of Education Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island Bayelsa State, Nigeria Email: allen.agih@ndu.edu.ng 
 
Abstract To provide quality education requires effective management of the human and material resources in the industry. Supervision which is a component of education administration is equally fundamental if the goals of the system will be realized. This paper therefore examines the twin concepts of school management and supervision as the vital factors in providing quality education services. The paper advocated for school administrators to have the required qualification and experience to function optimally. Also, managers of the education industry were advised to attend conferences, seminars and workshops to enhance their skills in school management and supervision among others.  Introduction Education in all countries of the world is seen as the corner stone of development. It forms the basis for literacy, skills acquisition, technological advancement as well as the ability to harness the natural resources of the environment for development. To be able to actualize this, the school organization must be properly managed.  The School is an organization of complex activities which are carried out by people and are coordinated by different persons. Thus, management is necessary in school to co-ordinate the various activities of the units for goal achievement. Management in school entails working with and through teachers, non teaching staff and pupils or students to get things done effectively. School management has its attention primarily on the school. It is more concerned with the institution, its goals, policies and execution of these policies. In school management, the primary aim has to do with the improvement of teaching and learning, and all the activities of the school. The functions of management in school are performed by the schools heads (i.e. head teacher/principal) known as the school manager. A school manager is described as an executive head of his organization. He/she is a coordinator who has to organize activities in such a way that things work smoothly, quickly and effectively. The education manager is described as the individual in a school setting who directs the affairs of the school in such a way as to achieve its primary goals and objectives. He/she is involved in effective planning, organizing, supervision, controlling and evaluation. Therefore, for a school manager to successfully accomplish the set objectives, he has to work with other people within the school system and be able to inspire them to work co-operatively with him so as to achieve the educational objectives. Sidho (2002) highlighted some principles that can be of help in the achievement of school objectives. These include consistency with the philosophy of education, democratic approach, optimum contribution by all, respect for individualities, due importance to different programmes, and optimistic outlook.